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Backgammon

Also Known As Tables Tables is the medieval English family name for the dice and race games, including backgammon, played on the folding board of that name.
Race Games

Backgammon is a two player race game combining strategy and dice, played by moving checkers around a board of twenty four triangular points toward each player own home area. It descends from a long lineage of ancient race type board games played with dice: among the oldest known relatives is the Royal Game of Ur, played in Mesopotamia around 2600 to 2400 BC, with board sets excavated at the Royal Cemetery of Ur, and a closer structural ancestor is the Roman game tabula, documented from around the first century AD and using similar movement and doubling principles. The English name backgammon is first attested in the 1640s. H.J.R. Murray 1952 survey treats tabula as the direct Roman era ancestor of the wider tables family of games that includes backgammon, though the exact line of transmission across the centuries between these ancient games and the modern form is not fully documented and remains debated among game historians.

Facts
Originating Region
Contested and layered: ancient Mesopotamia and Rome for the game structural ancestors, England for the name and the codified modern form 1
Game Type
Board game, race and dice 1
Governing Body
World Backgammon Federation (WBGF), formerly the European Backgammon Federation until it expanded its scope internationally in 2018; headquartered in Schwaz, Austria. It regulates competition rules and player rankings, unites national federations across several continents, and is pursuing recognition of backgammon as a mind sport. 2
Disputed
Origin Year
1645 1
1645 is commonly cited as the first English attestation of the name backgammon. The game itself descends from a much older lineage of race and dice games, including the Roman game tabula, documented from around the first century AD, and more distantly the Royal Game of Ur, from Mesopotamia around 2600 to 2400 BC, but the exact line of transmission across the intervening centuries between these ancient games and the modern form is not fully documented and is debated among game historians.
Classification
Player Count
Two-Player 1
Sport
Game Type (category)
Board Game 1
Game Type (category)
Dice Game 1
Connections

Associated With

Source U.S. Backgammon Federation (Official Site)

Derived From

Royal Game of Ur, Games

Why this is disputed. The Royal Game of Ur is long treated as standing at the deep root of the race and dice game family that includes backgammon, but the historical line of transmission across the many centuries between the two, and through the intermediate Roman game tabula, is undocumented and debated among game historians.

Source The Oxford History of Board Games

Featured In

Source Encyclopaedia Britannica

Governed By

Source Wikipedia, World Backgammon Federation

Long-Form Articles

Played By

Akiko Yazawa, Athletes
Source Wikipedia, Akiko Yazawa
Source World Backgammon Championship (Wikipedia)
Source World Backgammon Championship (Wikipedia)
Source Wikipedia, Bill Robertie
Source Wikipedia: Billy Eisenberg
Source Carol Crawford, Wikipedia
Source World Backgammon Championship (Wikipedia)
Eli Roymi, Athletes
Source World Backgammon Championship (Wikipedia)
Joe Russell, Athletes
Source Wikipedia: Joe Russell (backgammon)
Johan Moazed, Athletes
Source World Backgammon Championship (Wikipedia)
Source Katie Scalamandre, Wikipedia
Kit Woolsey, Athletes
Source Wikipedia, Kit Woolsey
Laura Monaco, Athletes
Source World Backgammon Championship (Wikipedia)
Luigi Villa, Athletes
Source Wikipedia, Luigi Villa
Source Wikipedia, Masayuki Mochizuki
Source Wikipedia, Matvey Natanzon
Miho Macleod, Athletes
Source World Backgammon Championship (Wikipedia)
Nevzat Dogan, Athletes
Source World Backgammon Championship (Wikipedia)
Paul Magriel, Athletes
Source Encyclopaedia Britannica
Source World Backgammon Championship (Wikipedia)
Tim Holland, Athletes
Source Wikipedia, Tim Holland
Source World Backgammon Championship (Wikipedia)
Source World Backgammon Championship (Wikipedia)
Source Zoe Cunningham (Wikipedia)
In the Other Atlases

Found In

Also in Geography Atlas: where this subject is found.

Sources
1. A History of Board-Games Other Than Chess
H.J.R. Murray, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1952entity record, description lead (player-count)
Quote, entity record, description lead (player-count)
Backgammon is a two player race game combining strategy and dice, played by moving checkers around a board of twenty four triangular points toward each player own home area. It descends from a long lineage of ancient race type board games played with dice: among the oldest known relatives is the Royal Game of Ur, played in Mesopotamia around 2600 to 2400 BC, with board sets excavated at
2. Wikipedia, World Backgammon Federation
Wikipedia
  • Lead section
    formerly the European Backgammon Federation (EUBGF) until 2018
  • Governed By: World Backgammon Federation, Lead paragraph
    is the international body established to support and promote the table game of backgammon worldwide
View the Source
Wikidata: Backgammon
Wikidata Q2452586, class allow-list match (w-wdresolver-0926)View the Source
Chicago Point: A History of the Doubling Cube in Backgammon
section "These men are credited with introducing the concept of doubling", item 3
Quote, section "These men are credited with introducing the concept of doubling", item 3
The first use of doubling in Europe (automatic or during play) originated in a game played in Paris in 1926 between The Grand Duke Dmitri of Russia and Aksel de Wichfeld of Denmark. Those two players reported that to them, their idea of doubling was original.
View the Source
The Oxford History of Board Games
Oxford University Press, 1999Derived From: Royal Game of Ur
Encyclopaedia Britannica
Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc.
  • Featured In: World Backgammon Championship
  • Played By: Paul Magriel
View the Source
U.S. Backgammon Federation (Official Site)
Associated With: U.S. Backgammon Federation, About page
Quote, Associated With: U.S. Backgammon Federation, About page
We help people discover the allure of the endlessly fascinating game of backgammon.
View the Source
Katie Scalamandre, Wikipedia
Played By: Katie Scalamandre, Lead
Quote, Played By: Katie Scalamandre, Lead
Katie Scalamandre became World Backgammon champion in 2000 on defeating Thomas Holm of Denmark.
View the Source
Wikipedia, Bill Robertie
WikipediaPlayed By: Bill Robertie, Lead sentence
Quote, Played By: Bill Robertie, Lead sentence
is a backgammon, chess, and poker player, author and teacher.
View the Source
Wikipedia, Masayuki Mochizuki
WikipediaPlayed By: Masayuki Mochizuki, Lead sentence
Quote, Played By: Masayuki Mochizuki, Lead sentence
is a Japanese professional backgammon player from Tokyo.
View the Source
Wikipedia, Tim Holland
WikipediaPlayed By: Tim Holland, Lead sentence
Quote, Played By: Tim Holland, Lead sentence
was a world-champion backgammon player, highly paid teacher of the game, author of four backgammon books and successful gambler who won more major
View the Source
Wikipedia, Kit Woolsey
WikipediaPlayed By: Kit Woolsey, Lead sentence
Quote, Played By: Kit Woolsey, Lead sentence
is an American bridge and backgammon player.
View the Source
Wikipedia: Billy Eisenberg
WikipediaPlayed By: Billy Eisenberg, Lead sentence
Quote, Played By: Billy Eisenberg, Lead sentence
was an American bridge and backgammon professional.
View the Source
Wikipedia, Luigi Villa
WikipediaPlayed By: Luigi Villa, Lead sentence
Quote, Played By: Luigi Villa, Lead sentence
is a backgammon player from Milan, Italy.
View the Source
Wikipedia, Akiko Yazawa
Wikimedia FoundationPlayed By: Akiko Yazawa, Lead sentence
Quote, Played By: Akiko Yazawa, Lead sentence
is a professional backgammon player from Tokyo.
View the Source
Carol Crawford, Wikipedia
Played By: Carol Crawford, Lead sentence
Quote, Played By: Carol Crawford, Lead sentence
was an American backgammon and bridge player from Buffalo, New York who spent many years in Detroit, Michigan.
View the Source
Wikipedia, Matvey Natanzon
Wikimedia FoundationPlayed By: Matvey Natanzon, Lead sentence
Quote, Played By: Matvey Natanzon, Lead sentence
was a Russian-born Israeli backgammon player.
View the Source
Zoe Cunningham (Wikipedia)
Played By: Zoe Cunningham, Lead sentence
Quote, Played By: Zoe Cunningham, Lead sentence
is a British business executive and competitive backgammon player.
View the Source
World Backgammon Championship (Wikipedia)
  • Played By: Ali Cihangir Çetinel, Open division winners table, 2015 row, winner
    Ali Cihangir Çetinel
  • Played By: Nevzat Dogan, Open division winners table, 2012 row, winner
    Nevzat Dogan
  • Played By: Vyacheslav Pryadkin, Open division winners table, 2013 row, winner
    Vyacheslav Pryadkin
  • Played By: Didier Assaraf, Open division winners table, 2017 row, winner
    Didier Assaraf
  • Played By: Eli Roymi, Open division winners table, 2019 row, winner
    Eli Roymi
  • Played By: Johan Moazed, Open division winners table, 2024 row, winner
    Johan Moazed
  • Played By: Laura Monaco, Women's champions table, 2012 row, country
    Italy Laura Monaco
  • Played By: Antoinette Williams, Women's champions table, 2019 row, title
    United States Antoinette Williams
  • Played By: Miho Macleod, Women's champions table, 2024 row, title
    Japan Miho Macleod
  • Played By: Timo Väätäinen, List of champions table, 2025 row (highlight)
    2025 | Timo Väätäinen | Miranda Moulton | Monte Carlo
  • Played By: Petko Kostadinov, List of champions table, 2026 row (highlight)
    2026 | Petko Kostadinov | Martha Ghio | Monte Carlo
View the Source
Wikipedia: Joe Russell (backgammon)
WikipediaPlayed By: Joe Russell, Lead sentence
Quote, Played By: Joe Russell, Lead sentence
is a world class backgammon player from Memphis, Tennessee
View the Source

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