1001 (card game)

1001 is a point-trick card game for two players that originated among German soldiers stationed in the German overseas territory of Kiaochow in China between 1898 and 1914, and it is closely related to the older German game sixty-six. Its German names, Tausendundeins or Tausendeins, meaning 1001, and the alternate name Kiautschou, both point to that colonial-era origin, though the first formal published rules did not appear until 1930, credited to Robert Hulsemann. Play uses a twenty-four card deck running nine through ace in each of the four suits, with cards ranked ace, ten, king, queen, jack, nine and valued eleven, ten, four, three, two and zero points respectively, dealt eight cards to each player in three packets with the remainder forming a stock. A player who declares a king-queen pair of the same suit as trumps scores a fixed bonus that varies by suit, from a hundred for clubs down to forty for diamonds, and the trump suit itself can be changed up to four times within a single deal, with the first player to accumulate 1001 points across successive deals winning the game.