Game
Congkak
/ˈtʃoŋkak/ (Indonesian-language rendering of the same regional word; the Wiktionary entry gives no separate Malay IPA)
Also Known As Dakon (Java); Congklak (Indonesian spelling)
Mancala Games
Congkak is the Malay-language name for a mancala sowing game played across Malaysia, Indonesia, Brunei and southern Thailand on a carved wooden boat-shaped board. Two players sow seeds counter-clockwise, one per hole, and a seed landing in the player's own store earns another turn, while landing in an empty hole opposite an opponent's filled hole allows a capture. It is closely related to the Philippine game Sungka, which follows identical rules under a different regional name; the atlas carries an open question on the precise relationship between the two names and traditions. The oldest known mancala boards were found in a ruined fort in Roman-era Egypt dating to the fourth century AD, and the family likely reached Southeast Asia via ancient Austronesian trading routes, though no securely dated point of entry is known. This description is adapted from Wikipedia contributors under CC BY-SA 4.0; changes were made. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Facts
Open Questions
Origin YearCongkak is the Malay-world member of the mancala family, played across Malaysia, Indonesia and the southern Philippines; no securely documented founding date is established in the sources checked this wave. 1600 is entered only as an order-of-magnitude placeholder consistent with the wider, disputed antiquity claims for mancala games (see Alex de Voogt's 2021 review, recorded as a dissent on the Mancala entity), not a documented origin year. Governing BodyNo governing body identified
No club, society or federation organizing Congkak was found in research (Wikipedia Congkak article read directly); children's tournaments are held regionally in Malaysia but no governing organization is documented. Originating RegionMalay Peninsula and the Indonesian Archipelago, Southeast Asia 1 Sport
Game Type (category) Connections
Held Differently
Sungka, Games Why this is disputed. Whether Congkak and Sungka are the same tradition under two regional names or distinct traditions with a shared ancestor is the atlas open question sungka-congkak-relation; this edge records the close relationship without resolving that question.
Source Wikipedia, Congkak
Derived From
In the Other Atlases
- Also in Geography Atlas: Asia, found in there.
- Also in Geography Atlas: East Asia, found in there.
- Also in Geography Atlas: Indonesia, found in there.
- Also in Geography Atlas: Southeast Asia, found in there.
Sources
1. Wikipedia, Congkak
Wikimedia FoundationNames section
The names have also come to mean the cowrie shells, predominantly used as the seeds of the game.
- Associated With: Sungka
Derived From: Mancala, Lead section
They are known as congkak in Malaysia.
View the Source Wiktionary, congkak
WiktionaryIndonesian sectionQuote, Indonesian section
/ˈtʃoŋkak/ [ˈtʃoŋ.kak̚]
View the Source Wikidata: Congkak
Wikidata Q473986, class allow-list match (w-wdresolver-0926)View the Source Reader Challenges (0)
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